Wells, A study of the formants of the pure vowels of British English
| cm. | centimetres |
| cps | cycles per second |
| dB | decibels |
| F | formant (F1 = first formant, F2 = second formant, etc.) |
| fig. | figure |
| Gen.Am. | General American (pronunciation, dialect) |
| i.p.s. | inches per second |
| JASA | Journal of the Acoustical Society of America |
| kc/s | kilocycles per second |
| Lg. | Language (Journal of the Linguistic Society of America) |
| mm. | millimetres |
| RP | Received Pronunciation (see ch.II, Subjects) |
| sec. | seconds |
| std. dev. | standard deviation |