sidtn

Tail Any unaccented syllables at the end of an intonation phrase.
Tap The name of a manner of articulation. A tap is made by an extremely brief contact between the active articulator and the passive articulator. Taps are found as distinctive sounds in many languages of the world. An example from Spanish, where an alveolar tap contrasts with an alveolar trill: pero [peɾo] (but) vs perro [pero] (dog).
Target quality See diphthong.
Tautosyllabic [ˌtɔːtəʊsɪˈlæbɪk] Belonging to the same syllable.
TBU See tone bearing unit.
Tense A term usually applied to vowels. The opposite is lax. The phonetic correlates of tenseness vary somewhat from language to language, or even accent to accent. Generally, tense vowels are closer than the corresponding lax vowels. Acoustically, they have a lower frequency for F1. In some instances, for example General British English, the tense vowels are longer than their lax counterparts: [iː] > [ɪ], [uː] > [ʊ] etc., but this is certainly not the case for all accents of English. Many Scottish English accents show no such length differences. The original claim that tense sounds are produced with greater muscular tension has not been confirmed by experimental evidence.
Tenuis [ˈtenjuɪs] (Plural: tenues [ˈtenjuiːz]) An old term for a voiceless unaspirated stop.
Thorn The name of the Old English letter þ, which represented a dental fricative, either [θ] or [ð]. The letter was used in older works as a phonetic symbol for [θ].
Thyroid cartilage [ˈθaɪrɔɪd] The largest cartilage of the larynx. It articulates with the cricoid cartilage. The vocal folds are attached to the inner surface of its apex.
ToBI [ˈtəʊbi] The abbreviation stands for "Tone and Break Indices". A framework for the construction of a notation system for tone and intonation structure. More information can be found by following the link.
Tonality [təˈnæləti] An intonational system. A speaker has the choice of dividing an utterance into varying numbers of complete intonation patterns. An example from English: the utterance I don't remember his name may be produced in at least the following ways:

| I don't remember his name |
| I don't | remember his name |
| I | don't remember his name |
| I | don't remember | his name |

where the symbol | represents the boundary between intonation patterns. These are tonality choices. That the choice of tonality may signal differences in meaning is illustrated by the pair of utterances

| She washed and fed the baby |
vs
| She washed | and fed the baby |

In the first utterance the implication is that she washed the baby. In the second, it is not made explicit what or who she washed.
Tone (1) See intonational tone. (2) See lexical tone.
Tone bearing unit (abbrev. TBU) In Autosegmental Phonology an element on the segmental tier (usually a syllabic nucleus) which is capable of being associated to an element on the tonal tier
Tone group See group.
Tone sandhi The alteration of the phonetic form of a lexical tone under the influence of a neighbouring tone. An example from Modern Standard Chinese: the first of a sequence of two third (low falling-rising) tones is changed to a rising tone [hə̌n hǎu] > [hə́n hǎu] (very good)
Tongue back That part of the tongue which lies beneath the soft palate when the tongue is at rest.
Tongue front That part of the tongue which lies beneath the hard palate when the tongue is at rest.
Tongue muscles The major muscles of the tongue and associated structures are as follows:
1. genioglossus Attached to the inside of the mandible at the front, the fibres run throughout the tongue and attach to the hyoid bone. Contraction of this muscle draws the hyoid and tongue root forward, allowing the front of the tongue to move forward and upward.
2. hyoglossus Attached to the hyoid bone, the fibres of this muscle travel upwards to the base of the tongue. Contraction of the hyoglossus pulls the tongue backward and downward.
3. styloglossus Attached to the styloid process of the temporal bones of the skull. Contraction of this muscle pulls the tongue backward and upward.
Tongue root The extreme rear part of the tongue which faces the rear wall of the pharynx when the tongue is at rest.
Tongue tip The extreme front of the tongue.
Tonic Another name for nucleus
Tonicity [təˈnɪsəti] An intonational system. A speaker in a language like English has a wide choice as to which items in an utterance to mark as accented. Such choices are a matter of tonicity. For example, the sentence My brother is leaving tomorrow could be produced in (at least) the following ways:

My brother is leaving tomorrow
My brother is leaving tomorrow
My brother is leaving tomorrow
My brother is leaving tomorrow
My brother is leaving tomorrow

where underlining indicates the place of the nuclear accent. The above utterances differ in tonicity.
Tonogenesis [ˌtəʊnəʊˈdʒenəsɪs] The process whereby a language develops lexical tone.
Trailing tone See bitonal accent.
Transcription The representation of speech using phonetic symbols. There are many types of transcription, but the terms used to describe them are rather ill-defined. Broad transcription shows very little phonetic detail and especially not detail which is predictable from general phonetic principles or from the phonological properties of the language in question. Thus, aspiration of plosives or nasalisation of vowels would not be shown in a broad transcription of English, but would be shown in languages where these features are phonologically contrastive. Narrow transcription, on the other hand, does show at least some non-contrastive phonetic detail.
Transition See Formant transition
Triangular wave A complex waveform which may be approximated by adding sine waves according to the following formula:

where F = the fundamental frequency. Note that the - sign indicates that the following harmonic is 180 deg out of phase with the fundamental. The more harmonics one adds, the better the approximation to a perfect triangular wave.
Trill Also called roll. The name of a manner of articulation. A trill consists of a series of rapid closures between two articulators. Trills known to be distinctive in languages of the world include: bilabial, [ʙ], alveolar [r] and uvular [ʀ].
Tri-syllabic laxing The name of an English phonological rule. A root morpheme containing a long vowel or diphthong has this replaced by a short vowel when the relevant syllable falls three from the end in a derived form. An example sane /seɪn/ ~ sanity /sænəti/. The phenomenon is fairly general, but there are exceptions, for example obesity /əbiːsəti/ instead of the expected /əbesəti/ cf serenity.
Truncation The same as apocope.
Turbulent flow See airflow.
Tympanum See ear drum.