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                              REFERENCES                              

  • Abercrombie D. (1967) Elements of general phonetics. Edinburgh University Press.
  • Bolinger D. (1958) A theory of pitch accent in English. Word, 33:3-20
  • Borden G.J. & Harris K.S (1980) Speech Science Primer. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins.
  • Bynon T. (1977) Historical linguistics. Cambridge University Press.
  • Catford J. C. (1977) Fundamental problems in phonetics. Edinburgh University Press.
  • Cohen A. & 'tHart J. (1967) On the anatomy of intonation. Lingua, 19: 177-192.
  • Chomsky N. & Halle M. (1968) The sound pattern of English. New York: Harper & Row.
  • Fromkin V. (ed) (1973) Tone: a linguistic survey. New York: Academic Press.
  • Fry D. B. (1976) The physics of speech. Cambridge University Press.
  • Goldsmith J. A. (1990) Autosegmental and metrical phonology. Oxford: Blackwell.
  • Harris, J. (1994) English Sound Structure. Oxford: Blackwell.
  • Jakobson R., Fant G. & Halle M. (1952) Preliminaries to speech analysis M.I.T.
  • Kenstowicz M. (1994) Phonology in generative grammar. Oxford: Blackwell.
  • Ladd D. R. (1996) Intonational phonology. Cambridge University Press.
  • Ladefoged P. (1971) Preliminaries to linguistic phonetics. University of Chicago Press.
  • Ladefoged P. & Maddieson I. (1996) The sounds of the world's languages. Oxford: Blackwell.
  • Ladefoged P. & Traill A. (1994) Clicks and their accompaniments. Journal of Phonetics 22: 33-64
  • Laver J. (1994) Principles of phonetics. Cambridge University Press.
  • Lehiste I. (1977) Suprasegmentals. Cambridge Mass.: MIT Press.
  • Maddieson I. (1984) Patterns of sounds. Cambridge University Press.
  • Massaro D. (1997) Perceiving talking faces: from speech perception to a behavioral principle. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
  • McGurk H. & MacDonald J. (1976) Hearing lips and seeing voices.  Nature, 264:746-748
  • O'Connor J. D. & Arnold G.F (1973) The intonation of colloquial English, (2nd ed.). London: Longman.
  • Pierrehumbert J. (1980) The phonology and phonetics of English intonation. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
  • Pike K.L. (1943) Phonetics. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
  • Pinkerton S. (1986) Quichean (Mayan) glottalized and nonglottalized stops: A phonetic study with implications for phonological universals. In Experimental Phonology, ed. by Ohala J.J. and Jaeger J.J. Orlando: Academic Press, 125-139.
  • Prince A. & Smolensky P. (1993) Optimality theory: constraint interaction in generative grammar.. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University.
  • Stetson R.H. (1951) Motor Phonetics. A study of Speech Movements in Action. 2nd ed. Amsterdam.
  • Stewart J.M. (1967) Tongue root position in Akan vowel harmony. Phonetica 16:185-204.
  • Trubetskoy N. (1939) Grundzüge der Phonologie. Travaux du Cercle Linguistique de Prague, VII.
  • Vanderslice R. & Ladefoged P.(1972) Binary suprasegmental features and transformational word-accentuation rules. Language 48: 819-838
  • Wells J. C. (1982) Accents of English, 3 vols. Cambridge University Press.
  • Wells J. C. (1990) Longman Pronunciation Dictionary. Harlow: Longman.